To investigate indirect vaccine effectiveness (indirVE) of vaccination of children and adolescents with seasonal influenza vaccines against influenza-related outcomes occurring in other population groups.

Baloxavir marboxil, a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, was approved in Japan in February 2018 for treatment of influenza A and B infections, making Japan the first country to introduce its clinical use.

Human influenza A viruses escape antibody-mediated immunity through changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins.

Many shots seem to have “off-target” benefits, such as lowering the risk of dementia, studies have found.

Dementia is a highly prevalent issue in older people. Whilst the prevention of dementia is a public health priority, the role of vaccinations is still largely unexplored.

The International Longevity Centre UK (ILCUK) report highlights how Europe's aging population faces increasing health challenges due to immunosenescence, which reduces vaccine effectiveness and increases vulnerability to disease.

Influenza 2024–2025 season in France was characterized by prolonged duration, unusual co-circulation of all three viruses (A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), B/Victoria) with several subclades, and substantial healthcare impact.

The safety and efficacy profiles of available RSV vaccines, a critical consideration for their integration into public health strategies and clinical practice, remain uncertain.