Bovine highly pathogenic avian influenza virus stability and inactivation in the milk byproduct lactose
A bovine isolate of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was stable for 14 days in a concentrated lactose solution at under refrigerated conditions.
Outcome of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in calves and lactating cows
In March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infections in dairy cows were first reported from Texas, USA. Rapid dissemination to more than 190 farms in 13 states followed.
The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention
Changes in the epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza are devastating wild bird and poultry populations, farms and communities, and wild mammals worldwide.
Clinicians detail H5N1 infections in 2 Michigan farm workers
The workers were employed at two separate farms. The first patient began having right-eye symptoms 1 day after milk had splashed in their eye while milking a cow.
Estimated number of lives directly saved by COVID-19 vaccination programmes in the WHO European Region from December 2020 to March 2023: a retrospective surveillance study
Over nearly 2.5 years, most lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination were in older adults by first booster dose and during the Omicron period, reinforcing the importance of up-to-date vaccination among the most at-risk individuals.
Impact of twelve immunization-preventable infectious diseases on population health using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Spain
The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain.
Enough already: T cell inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 virus persist in Long Covid
It is estimated that 6% of American adults currently suffer from persistent symptoms that can linger for weeks to years after COVID-19 infection.
H5N1 Bird Flu Circulating in Dairy Cows in the United States
The clade of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses causing outbreaks in wild and domestic birds around the world, is appearing in dairy farms across several U.S. states since at least April 2024.
Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has caused the death of millions of domestic birds and thousands of wild birds in the U.S.
Strain-dependent variations in replication of European clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A(H5N1) viruses in bovine cells and thermal inactivation in semi-skimmed or whole milk
Cattle were once thought to be resilient to avian influenza virus (AIV) infections [1], until the recent widespread influenza A(H5N1) virus infections in dairy cattle in several states in the Unites Stares (US) since March 2024 [2].
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Scientific Papers
Déjà Vu All Over Again — Refusing to Learn the Lessons of Covid-19
The spread of H5N1 avian influenza among cattle and other farm animals as well as to agricultural workers in the United States has raised concerns about the potential for an influenza pandemic.
The evolution, complexity, and diversity of swine influenza viruses in China: A hidden public health threat
Swine influenza viruses (SIVs), including H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, have spread throughout the global pig population.
