Avian flu: increased vigilance recommended

In the United States, transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A(H5N1) viruses has recently been observed in dairy cattle and four cases of human avian influenza have been reported among farm workers exposed to cattle since April 2024. 

Whilst transmission from infected animals to humans remains a rare event, avian influenza viruses can spill over to wild, farm and domestic animals, leading to infection and outbreaks in poultry, and occasionally in mammals. 

“As we closely monitor the current situation on avian influenza, both in the EU and globally, there is reason for increased awareness but not for increased concern. ECDC remains committed in our support of the actions taken by national authorities in EU Member States. This threat to human health should not be underestimated, and it is important that we stay alert and proactive in our joint collaboration.” says Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Director of ECDC.

While currently no infection with the avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans has been recorded in the EU/EEA, ECDC advises on the importance of continuing to raise awareness among healthcare professionals, both at primary and secondary care level, regarding the possibility of encountering human cases of infection. 

As part of its ongoing commitment to public health, ECDC is implementing a comprehensive strategy to support the early detection and containment of potential human cases in the EU. 

It is important to note that currently the risk of zoonotic avian influenza, i.e. human infections, for the EU/EEA remains low for the general population and low-to-moderate for occupationally or otherwise exposed individuals. 

ECDC has been taking numerous initiatives to address the potential threat of avian influenza for human health and has produced several guidance documents and reports in recent months on testing of exposed individuals, on surveillance, outbreak investigation and public health options for response.