Article
Scientific Papers
Human monoclonal antibodies that target clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 hemagglutinin
The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has been spreading globally since 2022, causing mortality and morbidity in domestic and wild birds, as well as in mammals, which underscores its potential to cause a pandemic.
Pandemic security needs national leadership
In a world facing escalating risks from conflict, climate change, and emerging infectious diseases, health systems are the first line of defense for protecting people, economies, and stability.
Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus in the United States
The unprecedented 2.3.4.4b. A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle, poultry, and spillover to humans in the United States (US) poses a major public health threat.
Avian Influenza A(H5N5) - United States of America
Situation at a glance On 15 November 2025, WHO was notified of the 71st confirmed human case with influenza A(H5) since early 2024 in the United States of America— the first human case reported in the United States of America since February 2025.
Host switching mutations in H5N1 influenza hemagglutinin suppress site-specific activation dynamics
Increase in human H5N1 spillover infections resulting from dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus into bird and mammal populations raises concerns about HPAI gaining human transmissibility.
Stability of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Milk from Infected Cows and Virus-Spiked Milk
In March 2024, public health agencies in the United States reported highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of subtype A(H5N1) in dairy cattle, with virus detected in milk samples from symptomatic animals.
Influenza mRNA vaccine reduces pathogenicity and transmission of A(H5N1) virus in a ferret model
The global spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses poses a serious pandemic threat.
Detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus RNA in filth flies collected from California farms in 2024
The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in U.S. dairy cattle highlights the urgent need to understand transmission dynamics within and among farms.
