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Ruth A. Karron, M.D.
Professor, International Health
Bloomberg School of Public Health
Joint Appointment, Pediatrics
School of Medicine
Johns Hopkins University
Dr. Karron is a pediatric infectious diseases physician, virologist, and vaccinologist, Professor in the Department of International Health at the Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Director of the Johns Hopkins Vaccine Initiative. Dr. Karron has substantial experience in the evaluation of respiratory virus vaccines in adult and pediatric populations. Her research interests also include the development of immune responses to respiratory viral infections in early life, the epidemiology of RSV and other respiratory viral diseases in low resource settings, and public policy and ethical issues related to vaccine development and distribution. Dr. Karron has been a member of a number of national and international vaccine advisory committees and panels, including the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the COVAX ACT-acclerator COVID Vaccine Maternal Immunization Working Group, and is a current member of the GAVI VIS Steering Committee. She has chaired the FDA Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) and the Vaccines Advisory Panel for the Wellcome Trust, and currently chairs the WHO Product Development for Vaccines Advisory Committee (PDVAC). In 2016, Dr. Karron received the Robert M. Chanock award for outstanding lifetime contributions to RSV research.

Seema Lakdawala is an Associate Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology Department at the Emory School of Medicine. Her lab studies epidemiological success of influenza A viruses to better predict future pandemics. Specifically, Lakdawala Lab is interested in intracellular assembly of influenza viruses and person-to-person transmission of viruses. They combine biochemistry and sophisticated microscopy tools to define where, when and how assembly of influenza genomic RNA occurs. This research has broad implications for understanding the reassortment potential of circulating animal influenza viruses and may lead to the development of new antiviral targets.
In addition, airborne transmission of influenza viruses is critical for rapid spread of the virus during epidemics and pandemics. They have established a method to study the viability of influenza viruses in expelled aerosols and droplets at different environmental conditions, as well as the airborne transmissibility of influenza viruses in the ferret model. These studies will define the viral and environmental properties that promote the spread of influenza. Combining these two areas of research, they will be able to develop a comprehensive surveillance system to determine the pandemic potential of circulating zoonotic influenza viruses, which will be useful in all areas of pandemic preparedness.

BSc (Hons), MBBS, FRCPCH, PhD, PgDip PID (Oxford)
I am a consultant and clinical lead in paediatric infectious diseases and immunology at St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and an honorary senior lecturer at St George’s, University of London (SGUL). I lead the St George’s congenital infection clinic, am the hospital’s paediatric antimicrobial stewardship lead and am the South-West London lead for post-COVID19 syndrome. I am the chief examiner for penultimate year medical students at SGUL and teach on multiple undergraduate and postgraduate courses in SGUL and externally. I am the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) paediatric immunology and infectious diseases college specialty advisory committee (CSAC) training advisor. I also work as a member of several large European collaborative research studies, and act as chief and principal investigator on multiple clinical trials investigating diagnostics, novel treatments, and prophylactics for a variety of infectious conditions. My main research interests are perinatal infections, antimicrobial resistance and stewardship and epidemiology, management and prevention and host susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viral infections. I also sit on multiple local, national, and international committees related to paediatrics including the UK Department of Health and Social Care’s (DHSC) Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) RSV subcommittee and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s (MHRA) Paediatric Medicine Expert Advisory Group (PMEAG).

Professor Sir Andrew Pollard BSc MA MBBS MRCP(UK) FRCPCH PhD DIC FHEA FMedSci
Ashall Professor of Infection and Immunity
Sir Andrew is Director of the Oxford Vaccine Group at the University of Oxford and an honorary consultant paediatrician (infectious disease and immunology) at Oxford Children’s Hospital. He received a knighthood in the Queen’s Birthday Honours in 2021 for services to Public Health and the Order of Medical Merit from the Federal Republic of Brazil in 2022.
His research includes the design, development and clinical evaluation of vaccines including those for typhoid, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, plague, pertussis, influenza, rabies, coronavirus and Ebola. His work on pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines has been used in global public health policy. His studies on typhoid both using the human challenge model and in field sites supported the WHO prequalification of a new typhoid conjugate vaccine and WHO recommendations for its use in countries with a high burden of disease with more than 50 million vaccinated since 2021. He was the chief investigator for the clinical trials of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in 2020 in 24,000 participants in UK, South Africa and Brazil, which led to authorisation of the vaccine for use in more than 180 countries with over 3 billion doses distributed and award of the Copley Medal by the Royal Society in 2022. He has supervised 50 PhD students and his publications includes over 700 manuscripts. He chairs the UK Department of Health and Social Care’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, and was a member of WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (2016-2022). He chaired the European Medicines Agency scientific advisory group on vaccines (2012–2020). He received the Bill Marshall Award of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Disease (ESPID) in 2013, the ESPID Distinguished Award for Education and Communication in 2015 and the Rosén von Rosenstein medal in 2019 from the Swedish Society of Medicine, the James Spence Medal from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in 2022. He is chair of the Knoop Charitable Trust and is a trustee of the Jenner Vaccine Foundation, the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra.

Solvejg Wallyn is policy coordinator International Health issues at the Flanders Agency for Care and Health. Her primary concern is to ensure that the health and care policy development in Flanders will benefit from bilateral and international exchanges. As policy coordinator she works closely together with the Regions for Health Network of WHO Europe, the European Network for Regional and Local Health Authorities. She is also responsible for the follow up of the work of the EU Commission and Working Groups of the Council.

Stacey Schultz-Cherry, PhD, is a Member (Professor) in the Department of Host-Microbe Interactions at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, TN as well as Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs in the St Jude Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences. She serves as Co-Director of not only the Center for Excellence in Influenza Research and Response but also the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Center, both research centers supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Dr. Schultz-Cherry received her PhD in Molecular and Cellular Pathology from the University of Alabama at Birmingham investigating extracellular matrix and growth factor interactions. After a short postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Wisconsin-Madison studying influenza virus- induced apoptosis and cellular responses, she served as a Lead Scientist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory in Athens, GA, doing research on emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and astroviruses. She subsequently joined the faculty in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison Medical School rising to become tenured Associate Professor before moving to St Jude Children’s Research Hospital in 2009.
Dr. Schultz-Cherry is recognized internationally for her studies on the pathogenesis of influenza and enteric viruses, especially astroviruses, in high-risk populations, and on the interactions of influenza viruses among different avian species and other animals and humans. She is the author and co-author of over 250 research articles, reviews, and book chapters and has lectured internationally. She has been a member of the editorial boards of several prominent journals and is now the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Virology.
Dr. Schultz-Cherry has served on the National Institutes of Health study sections and other of its institutional committees. She was elected President of the American Society for Virology in 2017, is the current chair of the Public and Scientific Affairs Committee for the American Society for Microbiology and is an American Academy of Microbiology Fellow. Since 2012 she has been Deputy Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Studies on the Ecology of Influenza in Animals and Birds.

A geriatrician, former John Franklin Chair of Geriatrics and Director of the Glennan Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology at Eastern Virginia Medical School (1996-2007), and Director of Center for Geriatrics and Palliative Care at University Hospitals in Cleveland (2014-2017), he is now the David S. Greer Professor of Geriatrics and Professor in the departments of Medicine and Health Services Policy and Practice at Brown's schools of medicine and public health. He serves as the Director, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Associate Director of the Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports at the Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center. Dr. Gravenstein has a long-standing interest in immunity, inflammation, cardiovascular outcomes and aging especially in the context of vaccines and the long-term care setting, and the topic of the majority of his publications. He also has a specific interest in quality improvement in health care, the culture of care, antimicrobial stewardship, and how to improve care transitions. Beginning in 2020, he became active in several projects related to COVID in long-term care. He was Clinical Director at Healthcentric Advisors, Medicare's Quality Improvement Organization for New England from 2007 to 2019.

Nationality: Italian
Position: Research Director, CNR Ageing Branch, Neuroscience Institute, Padova (Italy)
Research Fields: Clinical epidemiology and geriatrics. Main focus on lifelong approach to healthy ageing
ESWI member since 2022
Dr. Stefania Maggi received her degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Padua, Italy in 1983. She also attended the Graduate School of Geriatrics and Gerontology from the same University until 1987 and in 1988 she received her Master in Public Health from John Hopkins University in Baltimore (USA). Dr. Maggi also holds a PhD in Clinical Pathophysiology from the University of Padua, which she received in 2000.
Dr. Maggi has a specific interest in the epidemiology of ageing and in the analysis of factors promoting health ageing in a lifelong approach. From 1983-1985, Dr. Maggi worked as an attending physician at the Internal Medicine Department for the University Hospital in Padua before she spent the years of 1988-1989 as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), for the National Institute of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland (USA). From 1989-1993, she worked as the Coordinator for the WHO Program on Ageing, before she moved on to work as a researcher in the Ageing branch at the Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Padua. Dr. Maggi worked as a researcher from 1993-2007 before becoming Research Director for the same branch and institute, in 2007, a position she currently holds. In this position, she coordinates several national and international research projects on nutrition, vaccines and lifestyle as key factors for promoting healthy ageing. Dr. Maggi is also an Adjunct Professor in the Graduate Schools of Geriatric Medicine at the University of Padua, which she has been since 2000.
Moreover, Dr. Maggi is the Editor in Chief of “Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research” (Springer) and has more than 800 publications, both in peer-reviewed journals and many book chapters.
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Nationality: German
Position: Professor of Pulmonary Infections Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center, and Head of the Infectious Diseases Department at the Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany
Research fields: Influenza Viruses , pneumonia and coronaviruses
ESWI member from 2016 – 2022
Associate member since 2022
Professor Susanne Herold studied medicine at the University of Giessen from 1995 to 2002. She received her doctorate in 2003 with a thesis on monocytes in the lungs and acquired her PhD 2008 at the University of Giessen. Since 2013, she has been a visiting professor at Northwestern University in Chicago for the Department of Pulmonary and Intensive Care Medicine.
In 2018, Susanne Herold took over the professorship for infectious diseases of the lungs at the University of Giessen and at the same time became head of the Infectious Diseases Department at the Giessen University Hospital.
She has been a member of numerous specialist societies, including the Academy of Charitable Sciences in Erfurt and the German Center for Infection Research since 2017. She is also a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Robert Koch Institute and deputy chairman of the German Society for Infectious Diseases. Since 2016, Prof. Herold has been leading a DFG- funded clinical research project on lung damage caused by viruses.

Nationality: French
Position: Head of unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur
Research fields: Epidemiological and virological surveillance of human influenza viruses and of other respiratory viruses
ESWI member from 1998 – 2022
Associate Member since 2022
Professor Sylvie van der Werf has a degree in Physiology and Biochemistry Agrégation (National Teaching Degree), a Doctorate in Microbiology with an option in Virology at the University of Paris, and a Doctorate in Natural Sciences specialising in Virology, also at the University of Paris.
She heads the unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA viruses which associates three research groups on influenza viruses (Epidemiology and evolution of respiratory viruses / Influenza virus-host cell interactions / Virus interactomics and one research group on hepaciviruses (Hepacivirus / host interactions). Professor van der Werf is also Director of the coordinating center of the National Reference Centre for influenza viruses and WHO National Influenza Center (NIC) for Northern France as well as WHO Reference Laboratory for H5 influenza viruses and for the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Past research positions include: Deputy-Director of the Fundamental Virology Course, Deputy-Chairman of the Department of Virology, Director of the URA 1966 CNRS Molecular Virology Unit. She is the author of 70 original scientific papers and more than 30 other scientific publications.

Nationality: Dutch
Position: Retired General Practitioner and vocational trainer, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
Research fields: Clinical aspects of influenza vaccination
ESWI member since 2001
Dr. van Essen became a General Practitioner in 1976 and Vocational Trainer in 1981 based in Amersfoort, the Netherlands. He was also Assistant Professor (since 1992) at the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht. Dr Van Essen obtained his degree at the University of Groningen (M.D. and G.P.) and at Utrecht University where he received his Ph.D.
He is chair of the Dutch Influenza Foundation. From 2000-2004, he was also the President of the Dutch College of General Practitioners. From 1996 to 2000 he was editor of Bijblijven, a Dutch CME-Journal.
Known on TV as Dr Ted, he is well known in The Netherlands for his work as a TV doctor, providing his medical insights for a wide and varied national audience. He was a member of the board of several leading healthcare institutions, including the Supervisory Board of Dimence, a large mental healthcare institution in Overijssel.

Professor Terho Heikkinen graduated from the Medical School at the University of Turku in 1984, where he also specialized in Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases. He defended his thesis on Development and prevention of acute otitis media in children in 1994. Having received the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Fellowship Award, he worked in 1996-1998 as a post-doc Research Fellow at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA. Subsequently, he worked as a Senior Clinical Researcher and Clinical Lecturer at the Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku. Since 2016, he has been Professor of Paediatrics at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku.
During the years, Terho Heikkinen has served as the chairman or a board member of several international and domestic societies in the field of paediatric infectious diseases, including the President of the World Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases. He is a former board member of the European Scientific Working Group on Influenza (ESWI), a scientific advisory board and executive committee member of the global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET), and the chairman of the Nordic Research Network for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (NORDPID).

MD, DMSc, EIS, MPG, Public Health Specialist, Director of Clinical Research.
Background in public health, virology and epidemiology- specialized in virus epidemics. Professor at Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark in Public Health, Virus Infections and Epidemics.
Prev. positions incl.: Dir. of the National WHO Influenza Centre & WHO Reference Labs for Measles, Rubella & Polio. Sen. Consultant and Head of the Virology Surv. and Research Unit at Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Staff specialist (inf. diseases & health system strengthening) & Acting Head of Int. Affairs at Nat. Board of Health, Resident in intern medicine at Rigshospitalet, Epi researcher at SSI, Denmark (PhD student and postdoc: epi. research incl. mathematical modelling of epidemics and vaccine efficacy), Virology researcher (cultivation, PCR, cloning and sequencing) and EIS (outbreak investigations: response/control of epidemics), CDC, Atlanta, USA and supervisor of Gastro Section at National Public Health Laboratory in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
(Co-)authoring >200 peer-reviewed publications (H-index: 42).
National representations for the European Center of Disease Prevention & Control (ECDC):
National Microbiology Focal Point (2012-2018)
National coordinator of the EU Progr. for Public Health Microb. training (EUPHEM) (2012-18)
Member of the Mol. Typing Task Force (2015-18)
Member of the ESCAIDE Scientific Committee (2012-17)
Main research focuses are related to pub. health applied virology incl. surveillance, epidemic control and vaccinology.
Leadership competencies & interests strengthend with a master in public governance at Cph Business School, (thesis "Benchmarking as budget-control tool at public hospitals").
Specialties:
- Member of The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters (2018)
- Master in Public Governance (2017)
- Professor (Adj SDU) Inf. Dis. & Global Health (2014)
- Public Health Specialist (2010)
- DMSc/Dr med (virology & epidemiology) 2002)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer (EISO) (2003)
- MD (1994)

Dr. Biering-Sørensen holds a distinguished academic background, having obtained his medical degree in 2011 and his Ph.D. degree in 2015 from the University of Copenhagen. He furthered his education with a Master of Public Health from Harvard University in 2018 and a Master of Science in Clinical Trials from the University of Oxford in 2023.
He is the Founding Head of the Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials (CTCPR), a collaboration between Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte and the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen. Furthermore, he is the Founding Head of the Cardiovascular Non-Invasive Imaging Research Laboratory (CIRL), which is world-renowned for its innovative research in cardiac imaging.
Together with his research group at CTCPR and CIRL which consists of more than 50 affiliated researchers, Dr. Biering-Sørensen conducts extensive investigations into the efficacy of cardiovascular imaging techniques to enhance individualized risk prediction. Moreover, he has initiated several large-scale pragmatic randomized trials utilizing the resources of the nationwide Danish registries, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement of pragmatic trial methodologies.
Additionally, in his capacity as an academic leader, he has been awarded some of the most prestigious research awards in Denmark but also internationally, he has published more than 350 scientific publications and he provides mentorship to numerous medical students, PhD students, and postdoctoral researchers, offering guidance in various aspects of clinical research, with a particular focus on cardiovascular imaging, randomized trials, heart failure, and the effects of infections on cardiovascular outcomes.
Research topics
- Cardiovascular Imaging
- Heart Failure
- Infections effect on cardiovascular outcomes
- Randomized clinical trials

Formal education
05/2000: Habilitation, University of Vienna
March 1995: Graduation
10/88-01/95: Medical school, University of Vienna
1976-1988: Elementary and secondary school, Vienna
Professional experience
since 02/2001: Associate Professor, Institute of Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna
11/96-09/2000: Research Assistent, Institute of Social Medicine, University of Vienna
04/1995-11/96: Research Assistent, Institute of Tumorbiology&Cancer Research, Department of Epidemiology, University
Areas of Expertise:
Public Health in general, Public Health and vaccinations with specific focus on influenza and tick-borne encephalitis, pandemic planning, social marketing and public health, epidemiology of infectious diseases
Publications
approx. 100 scientific publications
numerous contributions in medical und lay press
Further Activites
Teaching activity at the Medical Universtiy Vienna
Membership of several oranisations and association, e.g. secretary general of the Austrian association of the promotion of education in vaccination matters

Valentino D'Onofrio obtained his PhD at Hasselt University (Belgium) and Radboud University (The Netherlands) where he focused on the innate immune mechanisms and host response to infections in sepsis patients.
Currently, he is a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Vaccinology at Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, where he is involved in the clinical evaluation and immunogenicity of novel vaccines and adjuvants, with a particular focus on mechanisms of action of adjuvants.
In 2024, he was a visiting fellow at the Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University in Atlanta (US), where he was extensively trained in systems biology approaches to investigate immune responses, including single-cell transcriptomic and epigenetic sequencing techniques.
At CEVAC, dr. D'Onofrio effectively introduced these systems approaches and now uses a systems vaccinology approach to better understand immune activation following adjuvanted vaccination and if and how this can effectively enhance protective immunity.
He is especially interested in inter-individual variability, induced by sex and age, in host response to vaccines andinfections. In this regard, a key research area is “endocrine immunology” and understanding sex and gender differences in immune responses to vaccination. In this context, he recently started a clinical trial with transgender persons to investigate how hormonal influences, in this case gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) modulatevaccine-induced immune responses. The overall goal is to reach more inclusive adult immunization strategies, especially in LGBTQIA+ minority groups.

Nabila initiated her career as a medical officer, earning a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) in 2013. Expanding her expertise, she specialized in microbiology, achieving a Doctor of Pathology (Medical Microbiology) from the National University of Malaysia (UKM) in 2022. Nabila underwent practical and bioinformatics training for Influenza and RSV Viral genomic sequencing by WHO, Melbourne. Currently, she serves as a clinical microbiologist in the Virology Unit at the Infectious Diseases Research Centre (IDRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health (NIH), Malaysia.
Her role includes acting as the laboratory supervisor for the Molecular Virology Laboratory in the Virology Unit, IMR, NIH, overseeing diagnostic, surveillance, and research activities. The laboratory serves as the National Influenza Centre (NIC) and actively participates in WHO's Global Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance. Preparing for expansion, the laboratory aims to incorporate RSV into the surveillance program. Nabila's interests extend to research and development, focusing on in-house RSV diagnostic tests (e.g., multiplex PCR and antigen lateral flow assay), whole-genome sequencing, and vaccine studies. Additionally, she plays a vital role as a member of the IMR's ISO 15189 implementation committee and actively engages in audit activities as a molecular diagnostic laboratories' auditor.
Beyond her laboratory responsibilities, Nabila is a student supervisor and lecturer for the Post-graduate Diploma of Medical Microbiology (DMM), Virology module, conducted by SEAMEO-TROPMED's Regional Centre for Microbiology, Parasitology, and Entomology.

Wolfgang Philipp is the acting director of the new DG Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) in the European Commission. Prior to this, he was the Head of Unit for crisis management and preparedness in the Public Health, Country Knowledge, Crisis Management Directorate of the Commission. The unit would deal with activities contributing to preparedness and crisis management related to cross-border health threats, vaccination policy, antimicrobial resistance, HIV, tuberculosis, hepatitis policy, joint procurement of medical countermeasures, global health security and other files.
He holds a PhD in microbiology from the University of Paris, France, and has been working in tuberculosis research at the Institut Pasteur, and at the Universities of Bern and Basel. Philipp was a Member of the Basel Institute of Immunology before joining the European Commission in 2001.
PROVIDED BY HERA:
Mr Wolfgang Philipp is Acting Director of the new DG Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) in the European Commission. HERA is dealing with:
- Developing the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority
- Implementing the EU Vaccine Strategy to accelerate the development, manufacturing and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines
- Planning and implementing actions under the European bio-defence preparedness plan called 'HERA Incubator'
He holds a PhD in microbiology of the University of Paris, France, and has been working in tuberculosis research at the Institut Pasteur, and at the Universities of Bern and Basel and was a Member of the Basel Institute of Immunology before joining the European Commission in 2001.

Yoshi Kawaoka, Ph.D., is a globally recognised influenza expert and professor in the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Veterinary Medicine. He was recognised with the 2017 Popular Mechanics Breakthrough Award for his efforts to understand and prevent pandemics.
He is an expert avian influenza virus and showed that a 1918-like pandemic influenze virus (Spanish flu) could be recreated again in nature. He also led a group that created a whole-virus vaccine against Ebola that was safe and effective in primates and traveled to Sierra Leone to learn more about the disease.
His work is also changing how flu vaccines are made by providing faster and more cost-effective methods. Kawaoka’s team established a new strategy to generate and manipulate the virus – a system called “reverse genetics” – that has revolutionised the field. In 2007 he co-founded FluGen, a Madison-based company dedicated to preventing and treating both seasonal and pandemic outbreaks that kill hundreds of thousands worldwide.
Kawaoka’s research looks at the Influenza virus: the molecular mechanism of interspecies transmission of the virus leading to influenza pandemics in humans; and the molecular pathogenesis of influenza in poultry and mammals. With the Ebola virus, he studies the role of viral proteins in pathogenesis and viral replication.
Kawaoka also teaches veterinary virology, providing background information in basic virology, as well as a clinically-oriented review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of the major viral diseases of animals.

Shi Zhengli is a Chinese virologist who researches SARS-like coronaviruses of bat origin. Shi directs the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). In 2017, Shi and her colleague Cui Jie discovered that the SARS coronavirus likely originated in a population of cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan. She came to prominence in the popular press as “Batwoman” during the COVID-19 pandemic for her work with bat coronaviruses. Shi was included in Time’s 100 Most Influential People of 2020.
Shi graduated from Wuhan University in 1987 with a bachelor’s degree in genetics.She received her master’s degree from the Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 1990, and she received her PhD at the Montpellier 2 University in France in 2000.