Two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in the primary series and a booster dose induce a strong antibody response, however, this response can be weak in people older than 80 years.

Although WHO has declared an end to the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has continued to spread and evolve, giving rise to new variants.

This cohort study suggested that while intensive care unit admission decreased over the course of the pandemic in all age groups, ventilatory and oxygen support did not decrease over time in children aged younger than 5 years.

Male sex represents one of the major risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcome. However, underlying mechanisms that mediate sex-dependent disease outcome are as yet unknown.

Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders.

The disruption of health systems during the pandemic led to an increase in clinical risks and patient harm due to the accentuation of safety gaps, interruption of essential health services, and failure to provide timely diagnosis and treatment.

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive the evolution of these viruses are increasingly well understood.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in variations in the spike that enhanced transmissibility or weakened vaccine protection.

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with broad tissue tropism, a characteristic often determined by the availability of entry receptors on host cells.

This investigated the monocyte and inflammatory profiles of individuals who were hospitalised with COVID-19 during the acute phase and the convalescent period.

This study demonstrates durable yet compartmentalised nasal IgA and plasma antibody responses to SARSCoV-2 after infection and subsequent vaccination.